Dogs are prone to several common diseases that require owners’ attention. The details of major common diseases are listed below:
- Canine Parvovirus: A highly contagious viral disease, primarily targeting puppies under 6 months old or unvaccinated dogs. Key symptoms include severe watery diarrhea (often bloody), persistent vomiting, lethargy, loss of appetite, and dehydration. Due to its high mortality rate, immediate veterinary intervention—such as fluid therapy and antiviral treatment—is critical once symptoms appear.
- Canine Distemper: A life-threatening viral illness that affects multiple systems, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Early signs often mimic a cold: fever, runny nose, coughing, and reduced appetite. As the disease progresses, it may cause thick eye discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, and even neurological symptoms like seizures or muscle twitches. Vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, and infected dogs need prompt supportive care from veterinarians.
- Skin Infections: Prevalent in dogs, usually caused by fungal (e.g., ringworm) or bacterial overgrowth, often triggered by allergies, poor grooming, or skin wounds. Symptoms typically include intense itching, redness, inflamed lesions, scabs, and localized hair loss. Treatment varies by cause—veterinarians may prescribe topical ointments, shampoos, or oral medications to eliminate the pathogen and soothe the skin.
- Ear Infections: Common, especially in floppy-eared breeds (e.g., Cocker Spaniels) due to poor air circulation. Signs include ear redness, swelling, a foul odor, discharge, and frequent head shaking. Treatment involves cleaning the ear canal and administering antimicrobial ear drops.
- Dental Diseases (Gingivitis & Periodontitis): Widespread, caused by plaque and tartar buildup. Early signs include bad breath, swollen gums, and bleeding while chewing. If left untreated, they can lead to tooth loss and systemic health issues. Regular teeth brushing and professional dental cleanings are effective preventive measures.
Overall, early detection and timely veterinary treatment are key to safeguarding dogs’ health.